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How we calculate, and where the figures come from

Hani · Founder & Tax Data Researcher · ArabTaxCalc
Short answer

We apply each country's 2026 rules to the gross salary in the order its law sets: exempt contributions, then standard deductions and allowances, then the income tax bands, then any other mandatory deduction. Every figure comes from its official source and is dated.

The steps

  1. Annual gross salary: monthly pay × 12. We do not add extra salaries (a 13th month and so on) unless they are a fixed part of the system.
  2. Social insurance: the employee rate on the insured wage, with the annual floor and cap where the law sets them. Where the insured wage is only part of pay (basic plus housing in some Gulf states) we assume it equals gross pay up to the cap, and say so in the notes.
  3. Taxable income: we subtract the personal allowance, standard deductions and deductible contributions.
  4. Income tax: the progressive bands applied to taxable income, with each country's special rules.
  5. Take-home pay: gross pay minus tax, social insurance and other mandatory deductions.

Standard assumptions

  • A full-time private-sector employee, single, with no dependants.
  • Tax resident in the country for the whole year.
  • Salary is the only income.
  • Standard allowances only, unless the calculator offers an option for more.
  • Where nationals and expats are treated differently, the default is an expat, and you can switch.

What the calculators do not cover

  • Family and child allowances, except where stated.
  • Self-employment, rental income and capital gains.
  • Double tax treaties and relief from double taxation.
  • Part-year residence.

Exchange rates

Comparisons between countries use a fixed, dated exchange rate for each currency, from the central bank where available. Currencies pegged to the US dollar (the Gulf and Jordan) are stable; floating currencies can move after the update date, which is shown under each table.

Verification levels

  • Fully verified Every figure matches its official source.
  • Partly verified Some items are approximate or 2026 figures are not published yet.
  • Estimate Official sources are limited. Use the result as a guide only.
CountryVerificationLast checkedNote
🇸🇦 Saudi ArabiaFully verified2 October 2026The annuities, SANED and occupational hazards rates, the cap and the phased increases come from GOSI pages and official guides, and the gratuity articles from the Labour Law text published on the ministry website. Some gosi.gov.sa pages did not open directly, and their text was checked through the search index. The only simplification: the calculator treats gross salary as the contributory wage.
🇦🇪 United Arab EmiratesPartly verified2 October 2026The GPSSA, legislation portal and MOHRE websites blocked direct access from outside the country, so the pension rates and the text of Article 51 were checked from excerpts of their official pages in the search index and from the official portal u.ae, not from opening the full page. The 375,000 dirham threshold is confirmed by a secondary source only (it is set by Cabinet decision). The government 2.5% share under the new law and the 50,000 cap under the old law need further confirmation. We do not calculate the Abu Dhabi Pension Fund.
🇶🇦 QatarFully verified2 October 2026The social insurance rates, the cap and the gratuity article come from the texts of the laws published on the General Retirement and Social Insurance Authority website. Simplification: the calculator treats gross salary as the contribution account salary, and works out an expat's gratuity at the legal minimum (3 weeks).
🇰🇼 KuwaitPartly verified2 October 2026The PIFSS and Ministry of Finance websites cannot be reached from outside Kuwait, so we relied on an archived copy of the PIFSS guide (January 2023), which matched the PwC summary reviewed in July 2026. The text of Article 51 of the Labour Law comes from a secondary legal source. We found nothing to show the rates or caps changed in 2025 or 2026. How the daily wage is worked out (30 or 26 days) is not settled in the text.
🇴🇲 OmanPartly verified2 October 2026All rates and dates come from the texts of the royal decrees as published in the Official Gazette, via the Qanoon website, which publishes the amended texts (it is unofficial and advises checking the Official Gazette). The Social Protection Fund website was not reachable. We could not confirm whether the Fund's board has set a start date in 2026 for the savings scheme for non-Omanis, or whether there is government support for the insured person's share under Article 71.
🇧🇭 BahrainPartly verified2 October 2026The rates come from the texts of the laws on the Legislation and Legal Opinion Commission website and from SIO pages, and they matched the PwC summary (18% and 8% for nationals). The 15% employer share in 2026 is inferred from the text of Law No. 14 of 2022 and from the optional insurance page, which confirms the increase each January until 2028. We could not confirm the cap on the contributory wage from an official source, so we applied no cap, and the actual deduction may be lower for very high salaries.
🇯🇴 JordanFully verified2 October 2026The brackets, exemptions and national contribution come straight from the text of the law, the social security rates from the text of the Social Security Law, and the 2026 wage cap from the Corporation's announcement. The 16% sales tax rate is confirmed by a secondary source only, because the department's website was not available at the time of checking. The calculator assumes a single resident with no other income, and does not count the documented expense exemptions for a spouse (1,000 dinars) and children (1,000 dinars per child, up to 3,000). The overall ceiling on exemptions is 23,000 dinars.
🇮🇶 IraqEstimate2 October 2026We could not reach the official Iraqi sources at the time of checking (the General Commission for Taxes website, the Iraqi legislation database, the Iraqi Official Gazette (Al-Waqai Al-Iraqiya) and the social security department), so the brackets, allowances and social security rates are taken from the PwC summary updated in June 2026, which is a secondary source. We could not confirm whether the Workers' Retirement and Social Security Law No. 18 of 2023 changed the contribution rates (5% and 12%) or added a wage cap, nor whether the federal budget laws since 2023 changed the tax on salaries. The calculator does not apply the exemptions for allowances or the Kurdistan Region's rules. The 15% corporate tax is from the same secondary source. The exchange rate comes directly from the Central Bank of Iraq.
🇱🇧 LebanonPartly verified2 October 2026The brackets and family deductions are taken from Ministry of Finance publications (Basil Fuleihan Institute) on the 2024 Budget Law, and we confirmed that the 2025 and 2026 budgets did not change them. However, the Ministry of Finance website and the text of the law in the Official Gazette were not available for direct checking. We could not confirm whether the employee's 3% NSSF contribution is deducted from the salary tax base, so the calculator does not deduct it (the more cautious assumption). The employer contribution to the end-of-service indemnity branch is not counted in the employer cost, because secondary sources disagree on its rate and we found no official text that settles it. The family allowances cap was 18 million pounds until 30 April 2026 and then became 28 million; the calculator applies the new cap to the whole year.
🇸🇾 SyriaEstimate2 October 2026The tax situation in Syria is in transition. The Ministry of Finance announced a draft income tax law that would exempt 60 million old pounds a year and charge 6% and 8%, due to apply from the start of 2026, but we found no proof that it had been issued and taken effect by the date of checking. So we applied the last confirmed rules: Law 24 of 2003 as amended by Legislative Decree 30 of 2023, with a tax-free minimum of 12,560 new pounds since 1/5/2026. Converting the bracket limits to new pounds by dividing by 100 is our own assumption based on the currency replacement ratio, and it does not change the result because the tax-free minimum is above the lower bracket limits. The 7% employee rate and its deduction before tax come from a Syrian academic source, not an official text, and we could not confirm the employer share or the insurable wage cap. The official Syrian websites (the General Commission for Taxes and Fees, the central bank and social insurance) were not reachable from where we checked, and the exchange rate comes from a secondary source.
🇵🇸 PalestineFully verified2 October 2026The brackets and exemptions come from the text of Decree-Law No. 8 of 2011 and its amendments as published by the Maqam encyclopaedia, and are confirmed by the Ministry of Finance services guide. We found no change to the brackets or the exemption after 2015, but Article 12 allows the Council of Ministers to change the exemptions by decision, and we found no such decision. The calculator covers the areas under the Palestinian Authority and assumes a resident employee with no other income. Workers inside the Green Line have a separate calculator: /calculator/inside-green-line/.
🇵🇸 Palestine (inside the Green Line)Fully verified2 October 2026The brackets, credit point value, surtax and town rates come from the tax authority's guide for 2026, and the national insurance rates and ceilings come directly from the National Insurance Institute. The pension credit mechanism (35% on a contribution of up to 7% of qualifying income, with a ceiling of 9,700 shekels a month) is taken from the text of section 45A in a private legal database, and its ceiling from the tax authority's guide. The pension rates of 6%, 6.5% and 6% come from a National Insurance Institute study, because the text of the 2016 amended extension order was not available on a government website. The calculator assumes a single resident employee with no children, with one salary for the whole year, contributing to a pension on the full salary up to the average wage. It does not count credit points for children or academic degrees, or the optional study fund (keren hishtalmut).
🇪🇬 EgyptFully verified2 October 2026The brackets, the personal exemption and the rule that removes the lower bands are taken from the text of Law 7 of 2024, and the 2026 contribution wage limits from the National Organization for Social Insurance's own announcement. We apply the Martyrs' Fund deduction to the gross salary; the law says "salary" without detail, so some employers may work it out on certain pay items only. In governorates where the Universal Health Insurance system has been rolled out, some health insurance contributions differ from those shown here.
🇸🇩 SudanEstimate9 October 2026The brackets are confirmed by the Taxation Chamber and Council of Ministers documents themselves, but we found no decision more recent than 2022, nor anything ruling one out, and the war has stopped many official websites from being updated. The social insurance rates come from the text of the Act as reproduced on an unofficial legal website; we could not reach the National Social Insurance Fund website. We apply the allowances exemption up to 5% of the total salary (Administrative Decision No. 5 of 2022) as the Comprehensive Reference on Taxes in Sudan 2026 does in all its examples, but we did not find the text of the decision itself on the Taxation Chamber website; it can be switched off in the calculator options. We did not apply zakat, and our treatment of non-residents is our own reading, because the circular does not say which rate applies to the first band. The exchange rate used is the commercial banks' average for March 2026; the parallel market rate is much weaker.
🇾🇪 YemenPartly verified2 October 2026The brackets and social insurance rates are taken from the texts of the laws themselves, and the Tax Authority in Aden publishes Law 17 of 2010 with no change to the salary brackets. But the country is divided: the Sanaa authorities have issued their own amendments and use a rial with a different exchange rate, and the available text of the social insurance law is the 1991 version, which may have been amended since. The 5% general sales tax rate is not confirmed by a primary text.
🇲🇦 MoroccoFully verified2 October 2026The tax scale, professional expenses and family reduction come from the text of the 2026 General Tax Code. CNSS rates and ceiling are confirmed by an official ACAPS document. The employee AMO rate (2.26%) and the extra employer shares (1.85% and 1.6%) were confirmed from several secondary sources because the CNSS website was not available at the time of checking.
🇩🇿 AlgeriaFully verified2 October 2026The scale, reductions and exemption come from the text of the Finance Law 2022 in the Official Journal, and we checked that the Finance Laws of 2023, 2025 and 2026 did not change the point on salaries. Deducting the 9% contribution before working out the tax is the method used in the monthly calculation, but we could not review the relevant article of the Direct Taxes Code because the tax administration website was not available. We do not round the base to the nearest 10 dinars, so the result may differ by a few dinars from your payslip.
🇹🇳 TunisiaPartly verified2 October 2026The tax scale, professional expenses, social solidarity contribution and job-loss fund levy come from the texts of the Finance Laws and from the code published on the tax administration website. We could not check the 9.18% social security rate (and 16.57% for the employer) on the CNSS website because it was not available, so we relied on matching secondary sources. The exchange rate is worked out from the Bank of Algeria table because the Central Bank of Tunisia website was down. The job-loss insurance fund contribution (0.5%) has been deducted since January 2025 under the Finance Law, but its implementing decree had not been published as of October 2025, so its status in 2026 is not fully confirmed.
🇱🇾 LibyaEstimate2 October 2026We could not review the text of Law No. 7 of 2010 or its executive regulation because their files on the Tax Authority website could not be downloaded, so for the 5% and 10% rates, the 12,000 dinar threshold and the personal exemption we relied on the PwC summary (a secondary source). The 1% solidarity fund contribution is confirmed by the text of the law, and the social security rates (3.75% for the employee and 10.5% for the employer) come from the Social Security Fund's own table. The PwC summary gives a higher rate (5.125%), but we followed the official source. We have not applied the jihad tax (Law No. 44 of 1970) because we found no official text confirming whether it is in force or abolished in 2026.
🇲🇷 MauritaniaEstimate2 October 2026The salary tax scale and the monthly exemption of 6,000 ouguiyas come from the text of the General Tax Code (2020 edition). We checked that the Finance Laws of 2025 and 2026 do not change them, and a recent PwC summary matches them, but we did not review the Finance Laws from 2021 to 2024. The 1% social security rate and its 15,000 ouguiya ceiling come from a secondary source. The CNAM health insurance contribution is compulsory, but its rate is set by a decree we could not find, so we did not deduct it. Your actual net pay may therefore be lower than the calculator shows. The exchange rate is worked out from the Bank of Algeria table.
🇸🇴 SomaliaPartly verified2 October 2026The brackets are taken from the Federal Ministry of Finance manual and booklet published at the end of 2025 to explain the Income Tax Law 2025. The text of the law itself is published as a scan that we could not read by machine. The rules are federal, and Somaliland and some states may apply different rules. We found no compulsory pension contribution scheme for employees in the official sources, and we did not confirm the sales tax rate, so we left it blank.
🇩🇯 DjiboutiPartly verified2 October 2026The brackets come from the 2015 edition of the General Tax Code published on the Ministry of Budget website, and the 2025 Finance Law does not change them, but we have not read the full Finance Laws for 2016 to 2024 and 2026, or the updated 2025 edition of the code. CNSS rates come from the fund's own website, but two of its pages differ on the work accidents share (1% or 1.2%). We used the published total of 21.7%, that is 15.7% for the employer.
🇰🇲 ComorosEstimate2 October 2026The tax scale and the flat 30% deduction rule come from the 2023 edition of the General Tax Code issued by the tax administration, but we have not read the Finance Laws for 2024 to 2026. We could not reach an official source for employee social security rates in the Comoros, so we left them out of the calculation rather than guess. Your actual net pay may therefore be lower.

How each figure is checked

Each kind of information has one authoritative source: the bands from the tax law or the tax authority's site, social insurance from the social insurance body itself, the end-of-service gratuity from the labour law text. Summaries by large accounting firms are used to find the official source or to cross-check, never on their own. When two sources disagree we say so rather than silently picking one.

Every calculator has automated tests with worked examples taken from the official rules, run before every release.

AI

We use AI tools for research and drafting. No figure is published until it has been matched to its official source and the link and date recorded.

Update schedule

  • A full review at the start of each tax year.
  • Updates within two weeks of any official change being published.
  • Last full review: 2 October 2026.

Disclaimer

Results are estimates for information and planning, not tax or legal advice. Full text.

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